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2. Below is a summary of a nursing study. Read the summary and then answer the questions that follow: Lace tested the effectiveness of alternative types of messages in encouraging the elderly to come forward for a flu vaccination. All members of a senior citizens' center in a middle-sized community (a total of 504 elderly men and women) were sent a letter advising them that a flu epidemic was anticipated and that the elderly were especially likely to benefit from an immunization. Half the members were sent a letter stressing the benefits of getting a flu shot (the benefit letter group). The other half were sent a letter stressing the potential dangers of not getting a flu shot (the danger letter group). To avoid any biases, a lottery-type system was used to determine who got which letter. Both letters advised the elders that free immunizations would be available at a community health clinic over a 1-week period and that free transportation would be made available to them. Rates of coming forward for a flu shot among the two groups of elders were monitored to assess whether one approach of encouragement was more persuasive than the other. It was found that a higher percentage of elderly in the "benefit letter" group obtained a flu shot than was true for elders in the "danger letter" group. Short-Answer Questions a. Is this a qualitative or quantitative study? b. Were empirical observations made? c. What, if anything, was measured in this study? d. Should this study be replicated? e. Is this study an example of translation research? f. Is one of the purposes of this study likely to be identification? g. Is one of the purposes of this study likely to be explanation? h. Is one of the purposes of this study likely to be prediction? Essay Questions a. Discuss whether, and how, this study addresses a research purpose linked to EBP. b. Think of ways that the researcher could have enhanced this study by including an in-depth qualitative component. 3. Below is a summary of a nursing study. Read the summary and then answer the factual questions that follow: Busser designed a study to explore and describe the meaning of the risk experience among middle-aged men and women whose parents had died of colon cancer and who, therefore, were at elevated risk for colon cancer themselves. A sample of 15 people whose parents had died within the previous 2 years was recruited for the study. In-depth interviews, lasting between 1 and 2 hours, were conducted in participants' homes. The conversations were tape-recorded and later transcribed. The interviews examined such issues as perceptions of risk, risk reduction efforts, and coping strategies. It was found that most people had experienced a heightened sense of risk in the first few months after the death of their parent, but that over time, they tended to "forget" their fears as the salience of the issue declined and therefore tended not to take preventive steps or to schedule appropriate screening tests. Short-Answer Questions a. Is this a qualitative or quantitative study? b. Were empirical observations made? c. What, if anything, was measured in this study? d. Should this study be replicated? e. Is one of the purposes of this study likely to be identification? f. Is one of the purposes of this study likely to be explanation? g. Is one of the purposes of this study likely to be prediction? Essay Questions a. Discuss whether, and how, this study addresses a research purpose linked to EBP. b. Discuss whether, and how, this study is consistent with a current priority area for nursing research.